Use of 15-keto-prostaglandin compound for improvement of encephalic function

ABSTRACT

A method of treatment for improving encephalic function which comprises administering, to a subject in need of such treatment, a 15-keto-prostaglandin compound in an amount effective for improvement of encephalic function.

This is a division of application No. 07/616,960 filed Nov. 21, 1990,now U.S. Pat. No. 5,117,042.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a use of 15-keto-prostaglandin compoundfor improvement of encephalic function.

Prostaglandins (hereinafter, prostaglandin is referred to as PG) aremembers of a class of organic carboxylic acid that are contained inhuman and most other mammalian tissues or organs and that exhibit a widerange of physiological activities. Naturally occurring PGs possess as acommon structural feature the prostanoic acid skeleton: ##STR1## Some ofsynthetic analogues have somewhat modified skeletons. The PGs areclassified based on the structural feature of five-membered ring moietyinto PGAs, PGBs, PGCs, PGDs, PGEs, PGFs, PGGs, PGHs and PGJs, while PGIshave an different skeleton, shown below, formed by cyclization betweenthe α-chain and the five-membered ring. ##STR2## These are furtherclassified based on the presence or absence of unsaturation andoxidation in the chain moiety as:

Subscript 1--13,14-unsaturated-15-OH

Subscript 2--5,6- and 13,14-diunsaturated-15-OH

Subscript 3--5,6- 13,14- and 17,18-triunsaturated-15-OH Further, PGFsare sub-classified according to the configuration of hydroxy groups at9-position into

α (hydroxy group being in alpha configuration) and

β (hydroxy group being in beta configuration).

Background Information

JP-A-58-164512 discloses that 15-cycloalkyl-6-oxo-PGE₁ s,15-cycloalkyl-PGI₁ s and PGI₂ s, 15-cycloalkyl-6,9α-nitrilo-PGI₁ s, and15-cycloalkyl-6,9α-thio-PGI₁ s and -PGI₂ s have a protective effect tocell disorder including cerebral vascular disorder. JP-A-58-203911discloses that some 6-oxo-PGE₁ s and PGI₁ s having one or two methylsubstituents on 15,16,17 and/or 20 positions and defined15-cyclopentyl-PGI₁ s have a protective effect to cell disorder.JP-A-59-73522 discloses that some PGD₂ - or PGE₁ derivatives can be usedas a treating agent for hypoxia of cerebral nerve cells. Further,carbacyclin (also known as 9(O)-methanoprostacyclin or9(O)-methano-PGI₂), which is a synthetic PG derivative having amethylene group in place of the oxygen at position 6a(9α) of PGI₂, isknown to have an action of inhibiting platelet aggregation. Also,compound having a nitrogen in place of the oxgen at position 6a(9α) anda sulfur in place of the methylene at position 5 of PGI₂ (i.e.9-deoxy-9α,6-nitrilo-5-thia-PGF₁α) is known. These compounds, however,do not fall within the category of 15-keto-PGs or derivatives thereof.

EP-A-0310305 discloses that 15-keto-PGEs can be used as a cathartic.

PGEs having an oxo group at position 6 and two fluorine atoms atposition 5 have also been known (JP-A-32054/1990) which have beendescribed as compounds having actions reducing gastro-juice andpreventing stress ulcer. Further, compounds having an oxo group in placeof hydroxy group at position 15 and derivatives of these compounds havebeen known as compounds having anti-ulcer and uterine contractingactions etc. but little intestine contracting action. While the factthat a single compound simultaneously has a plurality of actions mayseem to be advantageous, it is also to be noted that in some cases thepresence of actions other than those useful in confronted treatment israther undesirable and seemed to be disadvantageous as havingside-effects. Accordingly, a compounds having only the desired actionare advantageous from such viewpoint.

Among various causes possible for the deterioration of cerebralfunction, the local disorder of cerebral vascular kinetics due toischemic lesion, hemorrhagic lesion or edemstous hydrocephalus and thediffuse disorder due to compressive lesion may be mentioned. Anothercause may be the secondary disorder of encephalic metabolism.

In order to treat these disorders, two factors should be considered,i.e. improvement of the cerebral circulation and that of the basicactivity of cerebral cells. Accordingly, there is a continuous need fora medicament having both the improving activity.

After an extensive study on the biological activity of 15-keto-PGs, thepresent inventor discovered that 15-keto-PGs have excellent encephalicmetabolism activating action, encephalic function protecting action andencephalic blood circulation improving action, and therefore can be usedfor improvement of encephalic function.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the first aspect, the present invention provides a method oftreatment for improving encephalic function which comprisesadministering, to a subject in need of such treatment, a15-keto-prostaglandin compound in an amount effective for improvement ofencephalic function.

In the second aspect, the present invention provides a use of15-keto-prostaglandin compound for the manufacture of a medicament forimproving encephalic action.

In the third aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceuticalcomposition for improving encephalic action comprising15-keto-prostaglandin compound in association with a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the expression "improvement of encephalic function" isintended to include improvement of any conditions comprising orassociated with ischemic lesion, hemorrhagic lesion, or local orpropagated pressure lesion due to edema or hydrocephalia, and further,improvement of any conditions comprising or associated with disorders ofcerebral metabolism secondarily induced by disorders of cerebralcirculation kinetics. Examples of such conditions include tansientischemic attack syndrome (TIA syndrome), ischemic cerebrovasculardisorder, atheroscleorotic thrombosis, atherothrombotic lesion ofinternal carotid artery (including branch), cerebral infarction,cerebral embolism, intracerebral bleeding, subarachnoid hemorrhage,hypertensive encephalopathy, abnormal cerebrovascular network incerebral basal region, obstruction of cerebral vein or venous sinus,systemic hypotension, anoxic ischemic encephalopathy, traumaticcerebrovascular obstruction, commotion of brain, cerebral contusion,epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, cerebrovascular spasm, andfurther, cerebrovascular disorders such as intracerebral bleeding,cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, hypertensiveencephalopathy etc., encephalitis, brain tumor, head injury such ascerebrovascular obstruction, commotion of brain, cerebral contusion,epidural hepatoma, subdural hepatoma etc., psychosis, metabolicdisorder, drug intoxication induced by alcohol, drug, narcotic etc.,poison intoxication induced by heavy metal, organic solvent, toxic gas,biological poison etc., disturbance of consciousness due to physicaldisorder etc., and secondary disease of the above disorders such asdisturbance of memory, aprosexia, hyperkinesis, speech disorder, mentalretardation etc., amnesia, senile dementia Alzheimer's disease etc.

The term "treatment" includes any treatment, such as management, of adisease, including prevention, therapy, alleviation of symptom, arrestof development and/or alleviation of development of the disease.

The term "15-keto-prostaglandin compound", referred to as 15-keto-PGcompound, includes any prostaglandin derivatives which have an oxo groupin place of the hydroxy group at position 15 of the prostanoic acidnucleus irrespective of the presence or absence of the double bondbetween 13- and 14-positions.

Further, the term "prostaglandin I compound" includes any compoundformed by cyclizing between positions 6 and 9 of the prostanoic acidwith the interposition of one atom (e.g. C,O,S,N, etc.), derivativesirrespective of the number of double bond, the presence of othersubstituent and any change in chain moieties.

Nomenclature

Nomenclature of 15-keto-PG compounds herein uses the numbering system ofprostanoic acid represented in the formulas (A) and (B) shown above.

While the formulas (A) and (B) show basic skeletons having twenty carbonatoms, the 15-keto-PG compounds used in the present invention are notlimited to those having the same number of carbon atoms. The carbonatoms in the Formulas (A) and (B) are numbered 2 to 7 on the α-chain (or2 to 5 on the α-chain and 6,6a (or 9α) and 7 on the ring formed in theformula (B)) starting from the α-carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyliccarbon atom which is numbered 1 and towards the five-membered ring, 8 to12 on the ring common in the formulas (A) and (B) starting from thecarbon atom on which the α-chain in the formula (A) is attached or thecorresponding carbon atom in the formula (B), and 13 to 20 on theω-chain starting from the carbon atom adjacent of the ring. When numberof carbon atoms is decreased in the α-chain, the number is deleted inorder starting from 2-position and when number of carbon atoms isincreased in the α-chain, compounds are named as substituted derivativeshaving respective substituents at 1-position in place of carboxy group(C-1). Similarly, when number of carbon atoms is decreased in theω-chain, the number is deleted in order starting from 20-position andwhen number of carbon atoms is increased in the ω-chain, compounds arenamed as substituted derivatives having respective substituents at 20position. Stereochemistry of compounds is the same as that of the aboveformulas (A) and (B) unless otherwise specified.

Thus, 15-keto-PGs having 10 carbon atoms in the ω-chain is nominated as15-keto-20-ethyl-PGs. In another example, a PGI₂ compound saturatedbetween positions 13 and 14, having an oxo group in place of the hydroxygroup at position 15 and a carbon atom (as CH₂) in place of oxgen atomat position 6a(9α) is nominated as 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-6a-carba-PGI₂(or 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-9(O)-methano-PGI₂).

The above formula expresses a specific configuration which is mosttypical one, and in this specification compounds having such aconfiguration are expressed without any specific indication about it.

Although PGDs, PGEs, PGFs and PGIs generally refer to compounds having ahydroxy group at position 9 and/or 11 of the prostanoic acid nucleus,the 15-keto-prostaglandin compounds in the present invention areextended to include compounds having another group at position 9 and/or11. Such compounds are named as 9-dehydroxy-9-substituted or11-dehydroxy-11-substituted compounds.

As stated above, nomenclature of 15-keto-PG compounds is based upon theprostanoic acid. These compounds, however, can also be named accordingto the IUPAC naming system. For example,13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16R,S-fluoro-PGE₂ is(Z)-7-{(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(4R,S)-4-fluoro-3-oxo-octyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl}-ept-5-enicacid. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGE₂ is(Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R)-2-(4,4-difluoro-3-oxo-octyl)-3-hydroxy-5-oxo-cyclopentyl]-hept-5-enoicacid. 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-20-ethyl-11-dehyroxy-11R-methyl-PGE₂ methylester is methyl7-{(1R,2S,3S)-3-methyl-2-[3-oxo-decyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl}-hept-5-enoate.13,14-dihydro-6,15-diketo-19-methyl-PGE₁ ethyl ester is ethyl7-{(1R,2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-(7-methyl-3-oxo-octyl)-5-oxo-cyclopentyl}-6-oxo-heptanate.

Preferred Compounds

The 15-keto-PG compounds used in the present invention may be anyderivatives of PG in so far as they have an oxo group at position 15 inplace of the hydroxy group, and may have a single bond (15-keto-PGsubscript 1 compounds), a double bond (15-keto-PG subscript 2 compounds)between positions 5 and 6, or two double bonds (15-keto-PG subscript 3compounds) between positions 5 and 6, 13 and 14 as well as 17 and 18.Also 13,14-dihydro compounds are included.

Typical examples of the compounds used in the present invention are15-keto-PGX wherein PGX is any PG selected from PGA, PGB, PGC, PGD, PGE,PGF, PGG, PGH, PGI and PGJ, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGX and so on as wellas their derivatives.

Said derivatives include esters at the carboxy group at the alpha chain,pharmaceutically acceptable salts, unsaturated derivatives having adouble bond or a triple bond between positions 2 and 3 or positions 5and 6, respectively, substituted derivatives having substituent(s) oncarbon atom(s) at position 3, 5, 6, 16, 17, 19 and/or 20 and compoundshaving lower alkyl or a hydroxy (lower) alkyl group at position 9 and/or11 in place of the hydroxy group.

Examples of substituents presents in preferred compounds are as follow:Substituents on the carbon atom at position 3, 5, 17 and/or 19 includelower alkyl, for example, C₁₋₄ alkyl, especially methyl and ethyl.Substituents on the carbon atom at position 16 include lower alkyl suchas methyl, ethyl etc., hydroxy and halogen atom such as chlorine,fluorine, aryloxy such as trifluoromethylphenoxy etc. Substituents onthe carbon atom at position 17 include halogen atom such as chlorine,fluorine etc. Substituents on the carbon atom at position 20 includesaturated and unsaturated lower alkyl such as C₁₋₄ alkyl, lower alkoxysuch as C₁₋₄ alkoxy and lower alkoxy (lower) alkyl such as C₁₋₄alkoxy-C₁₋₄ alkyl. Substituents on the carbon atom at position 5 includehalogen atom such as chlorine, fluorine etc. Substituents on the carbonatom at position 6 include oxo group forming carboxyl. Stereochemistryof PGs having hydroxy, lower alkyl or lower (hydroxy) alkyl substituenton the carbon atom at position 9 and/or 11 may be alpha, beta or mixturethereof.

Said derivatives may have alkoxy, phenoxy or phenyl group at the end ofthe omega chain where the chain is shorter than the natural PGs.

Especially preferred compounds are those having a lower alkyl such asmethyl, ethyl etc., a halogen atom such as chloro, fluoro etc. atposition 16, those having a lower alkyl such as methyl, ethyl etc. atposition 19, those having halogen atom such as chlorine, fluorine etc.at position 5, those having an oxo at position 6, those having a loweralkyl such as methyl, ethyl etc. at position 20, and those having phenylor phenoxy which are optionally substituted with halogen or haloalkyl atposition 16 in place of the rest of chain.

A group of preferred compounds used in the present invention has theformula ##STR3## wherein X and Y are hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, loweralkyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, or oxo with the proviso that at least one ofX and Y is other than hydrogen and the five-membered ring may have atleast one double bond, Z is hydrogen or halo, A is --CH₂ OH, --COCH₂ OH,--COOH or its functional derivative, B is --CH₂ --CH₂ --, --CH═CH-- or--C.tbd.C--, W is oxygen atom or carbon atom, R₁ is bivalent saturatedor unsaturated, lower or medium aliphatic hydrocarbon residue, which isunsubstituted or substituted with halogen, oxo or aryl, R₂ is saturatedor unsaturated, lower or medium alphatic hydrocarbon residue which isunsubstituted or substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, lower alkoxy,lower alkanoyloxy, cyclo(lower)alkyl, aryl or aryloxy, with the provisothat the third carbon atom form the five-membered ring is substitutedwith an oxo group.

Among the compounds of the above formula, the compounds represented bythe following formula are novel and form also part of the presentinvention. ##STR4## wherein Q₁ is halogen, Q₂ is hydrogen or halogen, Eis --CH₂ --CH₂ -- or --CH═CH--, Ra is hydrogen or lower alkyl, Rb issingle bond or lower alkylene, and Rc is lower alkyl which isunsubstituted or substituted with halogen, lower cycloalkyl which isunsubstituted or substituted with lower alkyl, monocyclic aryl which isunsubstituted or substituted with halogen or halo(lower) alkyl, ormonocyclic aryloxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen orhalo(lower) alkyl

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts in case of Ra is hydrogen.

Since they have a specific profile that they have only part of action(e.g. an action improving encephalic function) of PGE while lacking therest of action, they are useful as selective PGE-like agent.

In the above formula, the term "unsaturated" in the definitions for R₁and R₂ is intended to include at least one and optionally more than onedouble bond and/or triple bond isolatedly, separately or seriallypresent between carbon atoms of main and/or side chain. According tousual nomenclature, an unsaturation between two serial positions isrepresented by denoting younger number of said two positions, and anunsaturation between two distal positions is represented by denotingboth of the positions. Preferred unsaturation is a double bond atposition 2 and a double or triple bond at position 5.

The term "lower or medium aliphatic hydrocarbon residue" refers to astraight or branched chain hydrocarboyl group having 1 to 14 carbonatoms (for a side chain, 1 to 3 carbon atoms being preferred) andpreferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms for R₁ and 6 to 12 carbon atoms for R₂.

The term "halo" denotes fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.

The term "lower" is intended to include a group having 1 to 6 carbonatoms unless otherwise specified.

The term "lower alkyl" as a group or a moiety in hydroxy(lower)alkylincludes saturated and straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radicalscontaining 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 5 and more preferable 1 to 4 carbonatoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl,t-butyl, pentyl and hexyl.

The term "lower alkoxy" refers to the group lower-alkyl-O- wherein loweralkyl is as defined above.

The term "lower alkylene" refers to the group obtainable by removing ahydrogen atom from the lower alkyl group as defined above and includese.g. methylene, ethylene, propylene, tetramethylene,2-methyltetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene etc.

The term "halo(lower) alkyl" refers to lower alkyl group as definedabove which is substituted with at least one and preferably 1 to 3halogen atoms as defined above and includes e.g. chloromethyl,bromomethyl, fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1,2-dichloromethyl,1,2,2-trichloroethyl, chloropropyl, chlorobutyl, chloropentyl,chlorohexyl etc.

The term "hydroxy(lower)alkyl" refers to alkyl as defined above andsubstituted with at least one hydroxy group, such as hydroxymethyl,1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl and 1-methyl-1-hydroxyethyl.

The term "lower alkanoyloxy" refers to a group of the formula: RCO--O--wherein RCO-- is an acyl group formed by oxidation of a lower alkylgroup as defined above, e.g. acetyl.

The term "cyclo(lower)alkyl" refers to a cyclic group formed bycyclization of a lower alkyl group as defined above.

The term "aryl" includes unsubstituted or substituted aromaticcarbocyclic or heterocyclic (preferably monocyclic) groups, e.g. phenyl,tolyl, xylyl and thienyl. Examples of substituents are halo andhalo(lower) alkyl wherein halo and lower alkyl being as defined above.

The term "aryloxy" refers to a group of the formula: ArO-- wherein Ar isaryl as defined above.

The term "monocyclic aryl" includes phenyl unsubstituted or substitutedwith lower alkyl substituents, e.g. phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, cumenyl etc.

The term "monocyclic aryloxy" refers to a group of the formula:m.Aro-wherein mAr is monocyclic aryl as defined above and includes e.g.phenoxy, tolyloxy, cumenyloxy etc.

The term "functional derivative" of carboxy as A includes salts(preferably pharmaceutically acceptable salts), esters and amides.

Suitable "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" includes conventionalnon-toxic salt, and may be a salt with an inorganic base, for example ametal salt such as an alkali metal salt (e.g. sodium salt, potassiumsalt, etc.) and an alkaline earth metal salt (e.g. calcium salt,magnesium salt, etc.), ammonium salt, a salt with an organic base, forexample, an amine salt (e.g. methylamine salt, dimethylamine salt,cyclohexylamine salt, benzylamine salt, piperidine salt, ethylenediaminesalt, ethanolamine salt, diethanolamine salt, triethanolamine salt,tris(hydroxymethylamino)ethane salt, monomethyl-monoethanolamine salt,procaine salt, caffeine salt, etc.), a basic amino acid salt (e.g.arginine salt, lysine salt, etc.), tetraalkylammonium salt and the like.These salts can be prepared by the conventional process, for examplefrom the corresponding acid and base or by salt interchange.

Examples of the esters are aliphatic esters, for example, C₁₋₆ alkylester such as methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester, isopropyl ester,butyl ester, isobutyl ester, t-butyl ester, pentyl ester,1-cyclopropylethyl ester, etc., lower alkenyl ester such as vinyl ester,allyl ester, etc., lower alkynyl ester such as ethynyl ester, propynylester, etc., hydroxy(lower) alkyl ester such as hydroxyethyl ester,lower alkoxy(lower)-alkyl ester such as methoxymethyl ester,1-methoxyethyl ester, etc., and aromatic esters, for example, optionallysubstituted aryl ester such as phenyl ester, tolyl ester, t-butylphenylester, salicyl ester, 3,4-di-methoxyphenyl ester, benzamidophenyl esteretc., aryl(lower)alkyl ester such as benzyl ester, trityl ester,benzhydryl ester, etc. Examples of the amides are mono- or di- loweralkyl amides such as methylamide, ethylamide, dimethylamide, etc.,arylamide such as anilide, toluidide, and lower alkyl- oraryl-sulfonylamide such as methylsulfonylamide, ethylsulfonylamide,tolylsulfonylamide etc.

Preferred examples of A include --COOH, --COOCH₃, --COOCH₂ CH₃,--COOCH(CH₃)₂ and --CONHSO₂ CH₃.

Examples of preferred R₁ are --(CH₂)₂ --, --(CH₂)₆ --, --CH₂ CO(CH₂)₂--, --CH₂ CH═CH(CH₂)₃ --, --CH₂ CO(CH₂)₄ --, --(CH₂)₂ CH═CH(CH₂)₂ --,--(CH₂)₄ CH═CH--, --CH₂ CH═C═CH(CH₂)₂ -- etc.

Examples of preferred R₂ are --(CH₂)₂ CO(CH₂)₄ --CH₃, --(CH₂)₂ CO(CH₂)₄--COOH, --(CH₂)₂ COC(CH₃)₂ (CH₂)₃ --CH₃, --(CH₂)₂ COCH₂ O-phenyl,--(CH₂)₂ COCH₂ O-methachlorophenyl, --(CH₂)₂ COCH₂O-methatrifluorophenyl, --(CH₂)₂ COCH₂ O-3-thienyl, --(CH₂)₂ CO(CH₂)₂-phenyl, --(CH₂)₂ COCH₂ CH(CH₃)(CH₂)CH₃, --(CH₂)₂ COC(CH₃)₂ CH₂ OCH₂CH₃, --(CH₂)₂ COCH(CH═CH)(CH₂)₃ CH₃, --(CH₂)₂ CO-cyclopentyl, --(CH₂)₂CO-cyclohexyl, --(CH₂)₂ CO(CH₂)₂ -cyclohexyl, --(CH₂)₂ COCH₂CH(CH₃)(CH₂)CH═C(CH₃)₂, --(CH₂)₂ COCH(CH₃)CH₂ CC═CH, --CH═CHCO(CH₂)₄--CH₃, --CH═CHCOC(CH₃ )₂ (CH₂)₃ --CH₃, --CH═CHCOCH₂ O-phenyl,--CH═CHCOCH₂ O-methachlorophenyl, --CH═CHCOCH₂ O-methatrifluorophenyl,--CH═CHCOCH₂ O-3-thienyl, --CH═CHCO(CH₂)₂ -phenyl, --CH═CHCOCH₂CH(CH₃)(CH₂)₃ CH₃, --CH═CHCOC(CH₃)₂ CH₂ OCH₂ CH₃,--CH═CHCOCH(CH═CH)(CH₂)₃ CH₃, --CH═CHCO-cyclopentyl,--CH═CHCO-cyclohexyl, --CH═CHCOCH₂ CH(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ CH═C(CH₃)₂,--CH═CHCOCH(CH₃)CH₂ CC═CH, --CH═CHCOCH(CH₃)(CH₂)₄ CH₃ etc.

The configration of the ring and α- and/or ω-chain in the above formulas(I) and (II) may be the same as or different from that in the naturalprostaglandins. However, the present invention also include a mixture ofa compound having natural configuration and that of unnaturalconfiguration.

Examples of the typical compounds of the present invention are15-keto-PGs and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGs and their derivatives such as6-oxo-derivatives, Δ² -derivatives, 3R,S-methyl-derivatives,5R,S-fluoro-derivatives, 5,5-difluoro-derivatives,16R,S-methyl-derivatives, 16,16-dimethyl-derivatives,16R,S-fluoro-derivatives, 16,16-difluoro-derivatives,17S-methyl-derivatives, 17R,S-fluoro-derivatives,17,17-difluoro-derivatives, 20-methyl-derivatives, 20-ethyl-derivatives,19-desmethyl-derivatives and 16-desbutyl-16-phenoxy-derivatives.

In the 15-keto-PG compounds used in the present invention, when the bondbetween 13- and 14-positions is saturated, a keto-hemiacetal equilibriummay sometimes be formed by the formation of a hemiacetal between thehydroxy group at 11-position and the keto group at 15-position.

When these tautomeric isomers are present, the ratio of the existingisomers will vary depending on the structure of other part of themolecule or the kind of possible substituents and in some cases one ofthe isomers is predominantly present. The present invention, however,includes both isomers, and while any compound of the invention may berepresented by a structure or nomenclature of keto-type, this should beunderstood as a matter of mere convenience and should not be consideredto be intended to exclude the compound in hemiacetal type isomer.

In the present invention, indivisional tautomeric isomers, a mixturethereof, or optical isomers, a mixture thereof, racemic mixture andother isomers such as stereoisomers can be used in the some purpose.

Some of the compounds used in the present invention are novel and may beprepared by the method disclosed in Japanese Patent PublicationsA-64-52753, A-1-104040, A-1-151519, A-2-131446 etc. Alternatively, thesecompounds may be prepared by a process analogous to that describedherein or to known process.

A practical preparation of the 15-keto compounds involves the followingsteps; referring to the Synthetic Charts I to III, reaction of thealdehyde (2) prepared by the Collins oxidation of commercially available(-)-Corey lactone (1) with dimethyl (2-oxoheptyl)phosphate anion to giveα,β-unsaturated ketone (3), reduction of the α,β-unsaturated ketone (3)to the corresponding saturated ketone (4), protection of the carbonylgroup of the ketone (4) with a diol to the corresponding ketal (5), anddeprotection of the p-phenylbenzoyl group to give the correspondingalcohol (6) followed by protection of the newly derived hydroxy groupwith dihydropyrane to give the corresponding tetrahydropyranyl ether(7). According to the above process, a precursor of PGEs wherein ω-chainis a 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-alkyl group is prepared.

Using the above tetrahydropyranyl ether (7), 6-keto- PGE₁ s (15) ofwhich a group constituted with carbon atoms at positions 5, 6 and 7 is##STR5## may be prepared in the following steps; reduction of thetetrahydropyranyl ether (7) with, for example, diisobutyl aluminumhydride to give the corresponding lactol (8), reaction of the lactol(8), with the ylide generated from (4-carboxybutyl)triphenyl phosphoniumbromide followed by esterification (10), cyclization between the5,6-double bond and the hydroxyl group at 9-position with NBS or iodineto give the halogenated compound (11), dehydrohalogenation of thecompound (11) with, for example, DBU to give the 6-keto compound (13)followed by Jones oxidation and removal of the protecting groups.

Furthermore, PGE₂ s (19) of which a group constituted with carbon atomspositions 5, 6 and 7 is ##STR6## may be prepared in the following steps;as shown in the Synthetic Chart II, reduction of the abovetetra-hydropyranyl ether (7) to give the lactol (8), reaction of theresultant lactol (8) with the ylide derived from(4-carboxybutyl-)triphenyl phosphonium bromide to give the carboxylicacid (16) followed by esterification to give ester (17), Jones oxidationof the esters (17) to give the compound (18), and removal of theprotecting groups.

Using the above the tetrahydropyranyl ether (7) as the startingmaterial, the compound having ##STR7## may be prepared by using the sameprocess as that for preparing PGE₂ having --CH₂ CH═CH-- and subjectingthe resultant compound (18) to catalytic reduction for reducing thedouble bond between the positions 5 and 6 followed by removal of theprotective groups.

Synthesis of 5,6-dehydro-PGE₂ s having ##STR8## may be carried out bycapturing a copper enolate formed by 1,4-addition of a monoalkylcoppercomplex or a dialkylcopper complex of the following formulae: ##STR9##wherein G is alkyl to 4R-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-cyclopenten-1-onewith 6-alkoxycarbonyl-1-iodo-2-hexyne or the derivatives.

The 11-β type PGEs can be prepared according to the Synthetic Chart III.

PGE derivatives having methyl group at position 11 in place of hydroxycan be prepared by reacting a dimethyl copper complex with PGA-typecompound obtained by subjecting 9-hydroxy-11-tosylate to the Jonesoxidation.

Alternatively, they can be prepared by protecting carbonyl of saturatedketone (4) produced by reduced by reducing unsaturated ketone (3),eliminating p-phenylbenzoyl and tosylating the produced alcohol,treating with DBU to form a lactol, introducing the alpha-chain byWittig reaction, oxidizing the alcohol at 9-position to give PGA-typecompound, and reacting the product with dimethyl copper complex in orderto introduce a methyl group into position 11 to give 11-methyl-PGE-typecompound, which on reduction with e.g. sodium borohydride gives11-methyl-PGF-type compound. 11-hydroxymethyl-PGE-type compound, isobtained by a benzophenone-sensitized photoaddition of methanol ofPGA-type compound, which is reduced with e.g. sodium borohydride to give11-hydroxymethyl-PGF-type compound. The 16-mono- or 16,16-di-halo typePGEs can be prepared according to the Synthetic Chart IV. The syntheticroute for the compounds used in the present invention is not limited tothe above one and may vary using different protecting, reducing and/oroxidizating methods.

Furthermore, the novel compounds of the formula III may be prepared bythe following process, as summarized in Synthetic Charts V to VII,wherein P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, Pa, Pb, Pc and Pd are protectivegroups, R'a is lower alkyl and Rb and Rc are the same as above.

Referring to Synthetic Chart V, a protected Corey lactone (40)(commercially available) having a suitable protective group (e.g.4-phenylbenzoyl) is oxidized (e.g. by Collins oxidation) and theproduced aldehyde (41) is reacted with (2-oxoalkyl) phosphonic acidester having desired R2 and R3 groups to give the compound (42). The oxogroup is reduced to form (43), which is converted into (44) byprotecting reaction. The acyl group at position 11 is removed to produce(45), to which another protective group (e.g. tetrahydropyramyl) isintroduced to give (46). The lactone ring is opened with alkali to forma carboxylic acid which, on esterification, gives (47). A protectivegroup (e.g. tetrahydropyranyl) is introduced into (47) to give (48).After reducing the ester group by a reducing agent (e.g. byisobutylaluminum hydride) into an aldehyde group, the produced compoundis reacted with an α-chain introducing agent (f) in the presence of abasic condensing agent (e.g. litium isopropyl amide) to form (49), ofwhich the terminal group in α-chain is deprotected to produce (50). Theobtained alcohol is oxidized (e.g. by Collins oxydation) and thenesterified to give (51) and the group at position 5 is decarboxylated toafford (52). A protective group is removed by a method according to thenature of said group to form (53), which is reduced (e.g. catalytically)to form (54), which, on oxidation (e.g. by Collins oxidation) ofposition 15 gives (55). Deprotection of (55) produces (56), which, afterprotecting position 11 alone, is oxydized (e.g. by Collins oxydation) togive (57). This is deprotected to afford the desired (58). In the aboveprocess, when the reduction of (53) to (54) is omitted, an unsaturatedcompound is obtained. A compound wherein Ra is hydrogen can be obtainedby hydrolyzing the compound (58).

The α-chain introducing agent (f) is prepared by a process shown inSynthetic Chart V. Thus, E-caprolactone (a) is ring-opened by an alcoholwhich can form the carboxy protective group Pa to give (b). The hydroxygroup is protected to give (c), which is decarboxylated to (d),halogenated to (e) and then subjected to halogen exchange reaction toafford the compound (f).

In another process referring to Synthetic Chart VI, the protected Coreylactone (40) is converted into the compound (59) by reaction stepssimilar to that from (1) to (7) in synthetic Chart I. The compound (59)is hydrolyzed by alkali (e.g. sodium or potassium hydroxide) to form thefree acid (60), which is esterified (e.g. with diazomethane) to give(61). After protecting the hydroxy group at position 9 giving (62), theester group is reduced (e.g. by lithium aluminum hydride) to produce analcohol (63) and newly formed hydroxy group is oxidized (e.g. by Swanoxidation) to an aldehyde (64). The aldehyde is reacted with an α-chainintroducing agent (i) in the presence of zinc dust and mercuric chlorideunder ultrasonic irradiation to produce the compound (65). This isdeprotected to form (66) and hydrogenated (e.g. over Pd/C) to afford(67), which is then oxidized in two steps (e.g. swan oxidation andJone's oxidation), via (68), to give (69). The acid (69) is deprotectedeither directly to (71) or via ester (70) to (72).

The α-chain introducing agent (i) is prepared by a process shown issynthetic Chart VIII. Thus, the acetylenic alcohol (g) is protected toform (h), which is reacted with difromodifluoromethane to produce (i).

Corresponding other PG compounds can be prepared analogously. ##STR10##

Since the above 15-keto-PG compounds have encephalic metabolismactivating action, encephalic function protecting action and encephaliccirculation improving action, they are useful in treatment for improvingencephalic function. Such activities can be measured by the standardmethods, for example, methods using complete ischemic model (forencephalic function protecting action), hypoxia loaded model (forencephalic circulation improving action) etc.

The compounds used in the present invention may be used as a medicinefor animals and human beings and usually applied systemically or locallyby the method of oral administration, intravenous injection (includinginstillation), subcutaneous injection, rectal administration and thelike. While the dosage will vary depending on the animal or humanpatient, age, body weight, symptom to be treated, desired therapeuticeffect, administration route, term of treatment and the like,satisfactory effects will be obtained with the dosage of 0.001-500 mg/kgadministered in 2 to 4 divided doses a day or as a sustained form.

As solid composition of this invention for oral administration, tablets,torches, buccals, capsule, pills, powders, granules and the like areincluded. The solid composition containing one or more active substancesis mixed with at least an inactive diluent such as lactose, mannitol,glucose, hydoxypropyl cellulose, micro crystalline cellulose, starch,polyvinyl pyrolidone, magnesium aluminate metasilicate. The compositionmay contain additives other than the inactive diluent, such aslubricants e.g., magnesium stearate, a disintegrator e.g. cellulosecalcium gluconates, stabilizers e.g. α, β- or γ-cyclodextrins, etheratedcyclodextrins (e.g. dimethyl-α-, dimethyl-β-, trimethyl-β-, orhydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins), branched cyclodextrins (e.g. glucosyl-or maltosyl-cyclodextrins), formyl cyclodextrins, sulfur-containingcyclodextrins, misoprotols or phospholipids. Such cyclodextrins may formcomplex to increase the stability of the compounds. The stability may beoften increased by forming lyposome with phospholipids. Tablets andpills may be coated with an enteric or gastroenteric film such as whitesugar, gelatin, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulosephthalates and the like, if necessary, and furthermore they may becovered with two or more layers. Additionally, the composition may be inthe form of capsules made of substance easily absorbed such as gelatin.Further, when rapid effect is required, it may be in the form of buccal,in which glycerol, lactose etc are used as a base.

Liquid compositions for oral administration include pharmaceuticallyacceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, elixirs and thelike and contain a generally used inactive diluent such as purifiedwater or ethyl alcohol. The composition may contain additives such aswetting agents, suspending agents, sweeteners, flavors, perfumes andpreservatives.

The compositions for oral administration may be sprays which contain oneor more active substance and can be prepared according to a well knownmethod.

The injection of this invention for non-oral administration includesserile aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, suspensions, and emulsions.Diluents for the aqueous solution or suspension include, for example,distilled water for injection, physiological saline and Ringer'ssolution. Diluents for the nonaqueous solution and suspension include,for example, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils suchas olive oil, alcohols such as ethanol and polysorbates. The compositionmay contain other additives such as preservatives, wetting agents,emulsifying agents, dispersing agents and the like. These are sterilizedby filtration through, e.g. a bacteria-retaining filter, compoundingwith a sterilizer, gas sterilization or radiation sterilization. Thesecan also be prepared by producing a sterilized solid composition anddissolving in sterilized water or a sterilized solvent for injectionbefore use.

Another formulation according to the present invention is the rectal orvaginal suppository. This can be prepared by mixing at least one activecompound according to the invention with a suppository base which may besoftened at body temperature, optionally containing non-ion surfactanthaving appropriate softening temperature for improving absorption.

A more complete understanding of the present invention can be obtainedby reference to the following Preparation Examples, Formulation Examplesand Test Examples which are provided herein for purpose of illustrationonly and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

PREPARATION EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE₁ methyl ester (39)

1-1) Preparation of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-hydroxymethyl-7-tetrahydropyranyloxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(29)

To a solution of commercial Corey lactone (THP-form, 37.9 g) intetrahydrofuran was added a solution (1.0M, 300 ml) oftetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran and resulting mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 3 hours.

Then the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure andthe residue was subjected to column chromatography to give the titlecompound (29).

Yield: 21.70 g (82.8%).

1-2) Preparation of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-{(E)-4,4-difluoro-5-oxo-2-octenyl}-7-tetrahyiropyranyloxy-2-oxabicyclo-[3.3.0]octan-3-one(31)

A solution (2.0M, 45.5 ml) of oxalyl chloride in methylene chloride wasdiluted with methylene chloride under an argon atmosphere at -78° C. Tothis solution was added dropwise dimethylsulfoxide (12.9 ml) and theresulting mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. A solution(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-hydroxymethyl-7-tetrahydropyranyloxy-2-oxabicylo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(29) (11.65 g) in methylene chloride was added dropwise and the mixturewas stirred for 30 minutes. Then triethylamine (56 ml) was addeddropwise and stirring was continued for further 1 hour. The reactionmixture was treated in the conventional manner to give the aldehyde (30)as a crude product.

To a solution of thallium ethoxide (3.26 ml) in methylene chloride wasadded under an argon atmosphere dimethyl3,3-difluoro-2-oxoheptylphosphonate (11.9 g) and the resulting mixturewas stirred for 1 hour. After cooling the solution to 0° C., a solutionof the aldehyde (30) obtained above in methylene chloride was addeddropwise to said solution and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 14 hours. The reaction mixture was treated with aceticacid, celite and a saturated aqueous potassium idodide solution andfiltered. The filtrate was treated in the conventional manner and thecrude product was subjected to column chromatography to give the tilecompound (31).

Yield: 7.787 g (44.3%).

1-3) Preparation of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-(4,4-difluoro-5-oxooctyl)-7-tetrahydropyranyloxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(32)

To a solution of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-{(E)-4,4-difluoro-5-oxo-2-octenyl}-7-tetrahydropyranyloxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(31) (5.57 g) in ethyl acetate was added 5% Pd/C (catalytic amount) andthe resulting mixture was shaken under a hydrogen atmosphere at roomtemperature for 7 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered and thefiltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the tilecompound (32) as a crude product. Yield: 5.48 g (97.8%).

1-4) Preparation of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-{4,4-difluoro-5(RS)-hydroxyoctyl}-7-tetrahydropyranyloxy-2-oxabicyclo-[3.3.0]-octan-3-one(33)

To a solution of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-(4,4-difluoro-5-oxooctyl)-7-tetrahydropyranyloxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(32) (5.48 g) in methanol was added sodium borohydride (0.800 g) at 0°C. and the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. The reactionmixture was treated in the conventional manner and the obtained crudeproduct was subjected to column chromatography to give the titlecompound (33). Yield: 5.46 g (99.5%).

1-5) Preparation of16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-11-tetrahydropyranyloxy-PGF₂α methyl ester(36)

A solution of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-{4,4-dihydro-5(RS)-hydroxyoctyl}-7-tetrahydropyranyloxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]-octan-3-one(33) (2.579 g) in toluene was cooled to -78° C. under an argonatmosphere. To this solution was added dropwise a solution (1.5M, 9.6ml) of diisobutylalmium hydride in toluene and stirred for 30 minutes.The reaction mixture was treated with methanol and a saturated aqueousRochelle salt solution. Then the solution was treated in theconventional manner to give the lactol (34) as a crude product.

To a suspension of 4-carboxybutyl triphenyl phosphine bromide (11.72 g)in tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise under an argon atmosphere asolution (1.0M, 52.84 ml) of potassium tert-butoxide in tetrahydrofuranand the resulting mixture was stirred for 20 minutes. The solution wascooled to 0° C. and combined with a solution of lactol (34) intetrahydrofuran. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 15 hours and then treated in the conventional manner to give thecarboxylic acid (35) as a crude product.

To a solution of the carboxylic acid (35) in acetonitrile was addedunder an argon atmosphere 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) (4.0ml) and methyl iodide (1.7 ml) and the resulting solution was stirred at60° C. for 30 hours. The solution was treated in the conventional mannerand the product was subjected to column chromatography to give the titlecompound (36).

Yield: 2.737 g (84.5%).

1-6) Preparation of16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-11-tetrahydropyranyloxy-PGE₂ methylester (37)

To a solution of Collins reagent, prepared from cromic anhydride (16.18g) and pyridine (26.2 ml) in the conventional process, in methylenechloride was added a solution of16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-11-tetrahydropyranyloxy-PGF₂α methyl ester(36) (2.646 g) in methylene chloride under an argon atmosphere at -20°C. The resulting mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 2 hoursand at -5° C. for 9 hours. The solution was treated with ether andsodium hydrogen sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure and the residue was subjected to columnchromatography to give the title compound (37). Yield: 1.890 g (64.4%).

1-7) Preparation of 16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE₂ methylester (38)

Into a mixed solvent of acetic acid:water:tetrahydrofuran (3:1:1) wasdissolved16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-11-tetrahydroxypyranyloxy-PGE₂methyl ester (37) (2.809 g) and the resulting solution was stirred at60° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure and the residue was subjected to chromatography to give thetitle compound (38).

Yield: 1.755 g (75.5%).

1-8) Preparation of 16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE₁ methylester (39)

To a solution of 16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-15 -keto-PGE₂ methyl ester(38) (1.755 g) in ethyl acetate was added Pd/C (catalytic amount) andthe mixture was shaken under a hydrogen atmosphere at room temperaturefor 6 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate wasconcentrated and the residue was subjected to column chromatography togive the title compound (39).

Yield: 1.655 g (93.8%).

¹ H NMR(CDCl₃) δ0.87(3H,t,J=7 Hz), 1.15-2.05(23H,m), 2.11-2.30(3H,m),2.50(1H,dd,J=7.5 and 17 Hz), 3.10-3.20 (1H,br), 3.71(3H,s),4.05-4.20(1H,m)

MS(DI--EI) m/z 404(M⁺), 355 (M⁺ --H₂ O--CH₃ O), 297(M⁺ --C₅ H₉ F₂)

PREPARATION EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE₁ (39')

2-1) Preparation of(15RS)-16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-11-O-tetrahydropyranyl-PGF₂.alpha.benzyl ester (36)

To a solution of16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-11-O-tetrahydropyranyl-PGF₂α (35) (2.33 g)in dichloromethane (300 ml) were added DBU (2.1 ml) and benzyl bromide(2.2 ml) and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for1.5 hour. The reaction mixture was treated in the conventional mannerand the crude product was purified by silica-gel column chromatographyto give the title compound (36). Yield: 2.522 g (96.1%)

2-2) Preparation of16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-11-O-tetrahydropyranyl-PGE₂ benzylester (37)

Collins reagent was prepared by using chromic anhydride (13.5 g) andpyridine (21.8 ml) in dichloromethane (300 ml), and to this were addedCelite (40 g) and(15RS)-16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-11-O-tetrahydropyranyl-PGF₂.alpha.benzyl ester (36) (2.550 g). The reaction mixture was treated in theconventional manner and the crude product was purified by silica-gelcolumn chromatography to give the title compound (37). Yield: 1.991 g(78.6%)

2-3) Preparation of 16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE₂ benzylester (38)

Into a mixed solvent of acetic acid:THF:water (3:1:1, 50 ml) wasdissolved16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-11-O-tetrahydropyranyl-PGE₂ benzylester (37) (1.550 g) and the solution was kept at 50° C. for 4 hours.The reaction mixture was treated in the conventional manner and thecrude product was purified by silica-gel column chromatography to givethe title compound (38).

Yield: 1.225 g (92.9%)

2-4) Preparation of 16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE₁ (39')

To a solution of 16,16-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE₂ benzyl ester(38) (0.844 g) in ethyl acetate (30 ml) was added 5% Pd/C and themixture was shaken under a hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture wastreated in the conventional manner and the crude product was purified bysilica-gel column chromatography to give the title compound (43). Yield:0.404 g

¹ H NMR(CDCl₃) δ0.94 (t,3H,J=7.5 Hz), 1.20-2.70 (m,26H), 4.19 (m,1H),4.80 (br,2H).

MS(DI--EI) m/z 390(M⁺), 372(M⁺ --H₂ O), 354(M⁺ --2H₂ O)

PREPARATION EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of5(RS)-fluoro-13,14-dihydro-6,15-diketo-PGE₁ methyl ester [IUPACnomenclature:5(RS)-fluoro-7-{(1R,2s,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-(3-oxooctyl-5-oxocyclopentyl}-6-oxoheptanoate]

3-1) Preparation of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(E)-3-oxo-1-octenyl]-7-(4-phenyl)benzoyloxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(42)

Commercial (-)-Corey lactone (40) (10.0 g) in dichloromethane wassubjected to Collins oxidation to give the aldehyde (41), which wasreacted with an anion prepared from dimethyl (2-oxoheptyl)phosphonate(6.21 g). The reaction mixture was treated in the conventional mannerand the obtained crude product was subjected to column chromatography togive the title compound (42).

Yield: 7.45 g (60%)

3-2) Preparation of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(E)-3(RS)-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-7-(4-phenyl)benzoyloxy-2-oxabicyclo-[3.3.0]-octan-3-one(43)

To a solution of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(E)-3-oxo-1-octenyl]-7-(4-phenyl)benzoyloxy-2-oxabicyclo-[3.3.0]-octan-3-one(42) (7.45 g) in methanol were added cerium chloride (III) heptahydrate(6.84 g) at -20 ° C. and sodium borohydride (0.69 g) and the mixture wasstirred for 1 hour.

The reaction mixture was treated in the conventional manner and theobtained crude product was subjected to the column chromatography togive the title compound (43) as a mixture of the diastereomers.

Yield: 7.64 g (theoretical)

3-3) Preparation of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-7-(4-phenyl)benzoyloxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(44)

To a solution of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(E)-3(RS)-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-7-(4-phenyl)benzoyloxy-2-oxabicyclo-[3.3.0]octan-3-one(43) (7.65 g) in dimethyl formamide were added imidazol (2.27 g) andt-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (3.78 g) and the mixture was stirred for 1hour.

The reaction mixture was treated in the conventional manner and theobtained crude product was subjected to the silica gel columnchromatography to give the title compound (44) as a mixture of thediastereomers.

Yield: 7.49 g (80%)

3-4) Preparation of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-7-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo-[3.3.0]octan-3-one(45)

A mixture of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-7-(4-phenyl)benzoyloxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3-one(44) (7.49 g), potassium carbonate (1.10 g) and methanol was stirred atroom temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was treated in theconventional manner and the obtained crude product was subjected to thesilica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (45) as amixture of the diastereomers.

Yield: 4.69 g (92%)

3-5) Preparation of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-7-tetrahydropyranyloxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(46)

To a solution of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-7-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo-[3.3.0]octan-3-one(45) (4.69 g) in methylene chloride were added dihydropyran (5.17 g),and pyridinium p-toluenesufonate (0.77 g), and the resultant mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture wastreated in the conventional manner and the obtained crude product wassubjected to the silica gel column chromatography to give the titlecompound (46) as a mixture of the diastereomers.

Yield: 5.37 g (94%)

3-6) Preparation of methyl2-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-5-hydroxy-tetrahydropyranyloxy-cyclopentyl}acetate(47)

To a solution of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-7-tetrahydropyranyloxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(46) (1.85 g) in a mixed solvent of methanol and water (4:1) was addedlithium hydroxyde (0.33 g). The resultant mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was neutralized andextracted with ethyl acetate. Then, the organic layer was separated andan ether solution of diazomethane was added thereto. The resultantmixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixturewas treated in the conventional manner and the obtained crude productwas subjected to the silica gel column chromatography to give the titlecompound (47) as a mixture of the diastereomers.

Yield: 1.82 g (92%)

3-7) Preparation of methyl2-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-3,5-bis-tetrahydropyranyl-oxy-cyclopentyl}acetate(48)

To a solution of methyl2-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-5-hydroxytetrahydropyranyloxy-cyclopentyl}acetate(47)(4.45 g) in methylene chloride were added dihydropyran (3.75 g) andpyridinium p-toluenesufonate (0.56 g), and the resultant mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture wastreated in the conventional manner and the obtained crude product wassubjected to the silica gel column chromatography to give the titlecompound (48) as a mixture of the diastereomers.

Yield: 4.24 g (74%)

3-8) Preparation of methyl6-benzoyloxy-2(RS)-{2-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-3,5-bis-tetrahydropyranyloxy-cyclopentyl]-1(RS)-hydroxyethyl}-2(SR)-fluorohexaneacetate(49)

To a toluene solution of methyl2-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-3,5-bis-tetrahydropyranyloxy-cyclopentyl}acetate(48) (0.5 g) was added a toluene solution of DIBAL-H (1.5M, 1.43 ml) at-78° C. and the resultant mixture was stirred for 1 hour. The reactionmixture was treated in the conventional manner to give the aldehyde as acrude product.

The solution of LDA, prepared in the conventional manner, interahydrofuran (0.94 mmol) was cooled to -78° C., and methyl6-benzoyloxy-2(RS)-fluorohexanoate (f) (0.23 g) was added thereto. Theresultant mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and the solution of thecrude aldehyde in tetrahydrofran was added thereto. The reaction mixturewas heated to room temperature and stirred at the same temperature for 1hour, The crude product obtained in the conventional manner wassubjected to the silica gel column chromatography to give the titlecompound (49) as a mixture of the diastereomers.

Yield: 0.51 g (74%)

3-9) Preparation of methyl2(RS)-{2-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-3,5-bis-tetrahydropyranyloxy-cyclopentyl]-1(RS)-hydroxyethyl}-2(SR)-fluoro-6-hydroxyhexanoate (50)

To a solution of methyl6-benzoyloxy-2(RS)-{2-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-3,5-bis-tetrahydropyranyloxy-cyclopentyl]-1(RS)-hydroxyethyl}-2(SR)-fluorohexaneacetate(49) (2.48 g) in methanol was added potassium carbonate (2.47 g) inmethanol and the resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for24 hours. The crude product obtained in the conventional manner wassubjected to the silica gel column chromatography to give the titlecompound (50).

Yield: 1.50 g (69%)

3-10) Preparation of7-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-3,5-bis-tetrahydropyranyloxycyclopentyl]-5(RS)-methoxycarbonyl}-5(SR)-fluoro-6-oxoheptanoate(51)

Methyl2(RS)-{2-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-3,5-bis-tetrahydropyranyloxycyclopentyl]-1(RS)-hydroxyethyl}-2(SR)-fluoro-6-hydroxyhexanoate(50) (1.23 g) was subjected to Collins oxidation at -50° C. under anargon atmosphere for 4.5 hours. The crude product obtained in theconventional manner was dissolved into ether, and a solution ofdiazomethane in ether was added thereto. The resultant mixture isstirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was treatedin the conventional manner and the obtained crude product was subjectedto the silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (51)in the form of diastereomeric mixture. Unreacted starting material (50)was recovered (0.41 g, Recovery: 33%).

Yield: 0.60 g (47%)

3-11) Preparation of methyl7-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-3,5-bis-tetrahydropyranyloxycyclopentyl]-5(RS)-fluoro-6-oxo-heptanoate(52)

Methyl7-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-3,5-bis-tetrahydropyranyloxy-cyclopentyl]-5(RS)-methoxycarbonyl-5(SR)-fluoro-6-oxoheptanoate(51) (0.80 g) was dissolved into a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide, sodiumchloride and water (50:2.8:1) and the resultant mixture was stirred at135°-140° C. under an argon atmosphere for 1.5 hours. The crude productobtained by treating in the conventional manner was subjected to silicagel column chromatography to give the title compound (12) as a mixtureof diastereomers.

Yield: 0.55 g (75%)

3-12) Preparation of methyl5(RS)-fluoro-7-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(E)-3(RS)-t-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-3,5-bis-tetrahydropyranyloxycyclopentyl]-6-oxoheptanoate(53)

To a solution of methyl 7-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(E)-3(RS)-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-octenyl]-3,5-bis-tetrahydropyranyloxy-cyclopentyl]-5(RS)-fluoro-6-oxo-eptanoate(52) (0.52 g) in tetrahydrofuran was added a solution oftetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran (1M, 23 ml), and theresultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 40 hours. Thecrude product obtained by treating in the conventional manner wassubjected to silica gel chromatography to give the title compound (53).

Yield: 0.34 g (67%)

3-13) Preparation of methyl5(RS)-fluoro-7-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[3(RS)-hydroxy-1-octyl]-3,5-bis-tetrahydropyranyloxycyclopentyl]-6-oxoheptanoate(54)

To a solution of methyl5(RS)-fluoro-7-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(E)-3(RS)-t-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-3,5-bis-tetrahydropyranyloxycyclopentyl]-6-oxoheptanoate(53) in ethyl acetate was added 5% of Pd/C (0.06 g), and the resultantmixture was stirred at room temperature under a hydrogen atmosphere for16 hours. The reaction mixture was treated in the conventional mannerand the obtained crude product was subjected to silica gel columnchromatography to give the title compound (54) as a mixture ofdiastereomers.

Yield: 0.30 g (88%)

3-14) Preparation of methyl5(RS)-fluoro-7-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[3-oxo-octyl]-3,5-bistetrahydropyranyloxy-cyclopentyl]-6-oxoheptanoate (55)

To a solution of methyl5(RS)-fluoro-6-oxo-7-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[3(RS)-hydroxy-1-octyl]-3,5-bis-tetrahydropyranyloxy-cyclopentyl]-6-oxo-heptanoate(54) (0.30 g) in acetone was added Jones reagent (2.60M, 0.6 ml) and theresultant mixture was stirred at -30° C. for 1.5 hours. The reactionmixture was treated in the conventional manner and the obtained crudeproduct was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to give thetitle compound (55) as a mixture of diastereomers.

Yield: 0.24 g (80%)

3-15) Preparation of methyl5(RS)-fluoro-7-{(1R,2R,3R)-3-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5-oxo-2-(3-oxo-octyl)-cyclopentyl]-6-oxoheptanoate(57)

Methyl5(RS)-fluoro-6-oxo-7-{(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[3-oxo-octyl]-3,5-bis-tetra-hydropyranyloxy-cyclopentyl]-6-oxo-heptanoate(55) (0.24 g) was dissolved into a mixed solvent of acetic acid,tetrahydrofuran and water (3:1:1), and the resultant mixture was stirredat 45° C. for 4.5 hours. The crude product obtained by treating in theconventional manner was subjected to silica gel column chromatography togive a diol product (56) (0.15 g).

To a solution of diol product (56) (0.15 g) in dimethylformamide wereadded imidazol (0.35 g) and t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (0.38 g) andthe resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. Thecrude product obtained by treating in the conventional manner wassubjected to silica gel column chromatography to give monosilyl product(0.135 g).

The monosilyl product (0.135 g) was subjected to Collins oxidation inmethylene chloride at room temperature for 15 minutes. The crude productobtained by treating in the conventional manner was subjected to silicagel column chromatography to give the title compound (57).

Yield: 0.10 g (49%, starting from Compound (55))

3-16) Preparation of 5(RS)-fluoro-13,14,-dihydro-6,15-diketo-PGE₁ methylester (58)

To a solution of methyl5(RS)-fluoro-7-{(1R,2R,3R)-3-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5-oxo-2-(3-oxooctyl)-cyclopentyl]-6-oxoheptanoate(57) (0.05 g) in dichloromethane was added a solution of hydrogenfluoride-pyridine (70:30, 0.40ml), and the resultant mixture was stirredat room temperature for 7 hours. The crude product obtained by treatingin the conventional manner was subjected to silica gel columnchromatography to give the title compound (58).

Yield: 0.38 g (98%)

¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.87(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz), 1.16-2.05(14H,m),2.23-3.15(11H,m), 3.66(3H,s), 3.98-4.12(1H,m), 4.62-4.70(0.5H,m),4.85-4.95(0.5H,m).

Preparation of Starting Material: Methyl6-benzoyloxy-2(RS)-fluoro-hexanoate (f)

1) Preparation of benzyl 6-hydroxyhexanoate (b)

A mixture of ε-caprolactone (a) (40 g), benzyl alcohol andp-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.7 g) was stirred at 100° C. for 16hours. The reaction mixture was treated in the conventional manner andwas distilled under reduced pressure (1 mmHg, 140°-154° C.) to give thetitle compound (b).

Yield: 27.37 g (35%)

2) Preparation of benzyl 6-benzoyloxyhexanoate (c)

To a solution of benzyl 6-hydroxyhexanoate (b) (27.37 g) in methylenechloride were added 4-dimethyl amino pyridine (19.5 g) and benzoylchloride (19.53 g), and the resultant mixture was stirred for 2 hours.The reaction mixture was treated in the conventional manner and wasdistilled under reduced pressure (1 mmHg, 190°-215° C.) to give thetitle compound (c).

Yield: 38.09 g (95%)

3) Preparation of 6-benzoyloxy-hexanoic acid (d)

To a solution of benzyl 6-benzoyloxy-hexanoate (c) (38.09 g) in ethylacetate was added 5% Pd/C (3 g) and the resultant mixture was stirredunder a hydrogen atmosphere for 24 hours. The crude product obtained bytreating in the conventional manner was distilled under reduced pressure(1 mmHg, 182°-192° C.) to give the title compound (d).

Yield: 4.92 g (90%)

4) Preparation of methyl 6-benzoyloxy-2(RS)-bromohexanoate (e)

Thionyl chloride (22 ml) was added dropwise to 6-benzoyloxyhexanoic acid(d) (14.92 g), and the resultant mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 1hour. To the reaction mixture were added carbon tetrachloride (50ml),N-bromosuccinimide (22.5 g) and 48% hydrobromic acid (5 drops), and theresultant mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 20 hours. The reactionmixture was allowed to cool, and was filtered to remove solid product.The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtainedresidue was dissolved into methanol and the resultant mixture wasstirred at room temperature. The crude product obtained by treating inthe conventional manner was subjected to silica gel chromatography togive the title compound (e).

Yield: 14.02 g (67%)

5) Preparation of methyl 6-benzoyloxy-2(RS)-fluorohexanoate (f)

A mixture of methyl 6-benzoyloxy-2(RS)-bromohexanoate (e) (14.02 g),potassium fluoride (12.59 g) and acetamide (12.3 g) was stirred at 105°C. for 6 hours. The crude product obtained by treating in theconventional manner was subjected to silica gel chromatography to givethe title compound (f) and methyl 6-benzoyloxyhexanoate (g) (3.11 g,yield: 29%).

Yield: 5.28 g (46%)

¹ H NMR (CDCl₃)δ: 1.55-2.18 (6H,m), 3.79(3H,s), 4.33(2H,t,J=7 Hz),4.77-4.86(0.5H,m), 5.05-5.12(0.5H,m), 7.40-7.62(3H,m), 8.00-8.10(2H,m).

PREPARATION EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of5,5-difluoro-13,14-dihydro-6,15-diketo-PGE₁ methyl ester (72)

4-1) Preparation of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(E)-3-oxo-1-octenyl]-7-(4-phenylbenzoyloxy)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]-octan-3-one(42)

Corey-lactone (40) (10.0 g) dissolved in dichloromethane (160ml) wassubjected to Moffatt oxidation using DMSO (79.2 g),dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (24.0 g), pyridine (2.3 ml) and trifluoroaceticacid (1.1 ml) to give Corey-lactone aldehyde (2a). Separately, dimethyl(2-oxoheptyl)phosphonate anion was prepared fromdimethyl-(2-oxoheptyl)phosphonate (6.31 g) and sodium hydride (60%, 0.13g) in dichloromethane, and the solution of the previously obtainedaldehyde (160 ml) was added dropwise thereto, and the resultant mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 11.5 hours. The crude productobtained by treating in the conventional manner was subjected to silicagel chromatography to give the title compound (42).

Yield: 10.8 g (85.3%)

4-2) Preparation of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-(3-oxo-1-octenyl)-7-(4-phenylbenzoyloxy)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(4a)

A mixture of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-[(E)-3-oxo-1-octenyl]-7-(4-phenylbenzoyloxy)-2-oxabicycloctan[3.3.0]-3-one(42) (10.8 g) and 5% Pd/C (1.02 g) in ethyl acetate (150 ml) was stirredunder a hydrogen atmosphere for 3 hours. The reaction mixture wastreated in the conventional manner to give the title compound (4a).

Yield: 8.20 g

4-3) Preparation of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-(3,3-ethylenedioxyoctyl-7-(4-phenylbenzoyloxy)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]-octan-3-one(5)

To a solution of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-(3-oxo-1-octenyl)-7-(4-phenylbenzoyloxy)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(4a) (8.20 g) in toluene (100 ml) were added ethylene glycol (23.0 g)and p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.41 g), and the resultant mixture wasrefluxed for 4 hours. Water formed in the reaction was removed byazeotropic distillation. The reaction mixture was treated in theconventional manner and was subjected to silica gel columnchromatography to give the title compound (5a).

Yield: 8.23 g (91.3%)

4-4) Preparation of (1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-(3,3-ethylenedioxyoctyl)-7-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one (6a)

To a solution of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-(3,3-ethylenedioxyoctyl-7-(4-phenylbenzoyloxy)-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(5a) (8.20 g) in methanol (200 ml) was added potassium carbonate (1.15g) and the resultant mixture was stirred overnight, and acetic acid (1ml) was added thereto. The crude product obtained by treating in theconventional manner was subjected to silica gel column chromatography togive the title compound (6a).

Yield: 4.70 g (90.0%)

4-5) Preparation of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-(3,3-ethylenedioxy-octyl)-7-tetrahydropyranyloxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(59)

A solution of(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-(3,3-ethylenedioxy-octyl)-7-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(6a) (4.70 g) in dichloromethane (200 ml) was cooled on ice anddihydropyran (2.41 g) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.23 g) were addedthereto and the resultant mixture was stirred for 1,5 hours. The crudeproduct obtained by treating in the conventional manner was subjected tosilica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (59).

Yield: 5.54 g (93%)

4-6) Preparation of methyl2-[(1S,2R,3R,5S)-2-(3,3-ethylenedioxy-octyl)-3-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)-5-hydroxycyclopentyl]acetate (61)

(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-(3,3-ethylenedioxyoctyl)-7-tetrahydropyranyloxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one(59) (5.54 g) was dissolved into methanol (61 ml), and 5% aqueouspotassium hydroxyde (37 ml) was added thereto. The resultant mixture wasstirred at 50° C. for 30 minutes. While cooling on ice, the reactionmixture was neutralized with aqueous 0.5N hydrochloric acid and the acid(60) obtained by treating in the conventional manner was treated withdiazomethane to give the title compound (61).

Yield: 5.74 g

4-7) Preparation of methyl2-[(1S,2R,3R,5S)-2-(3,3-ethylenedioxyoctyl)-3-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)-5-(t-butylsilyloxy)cyclopentyl]acetate(62)

To a solution of methyl2-[(1S,2R,3R,5S)-2-(3,3-ethylenedioxyoctyl)-3-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)-5-hydroxycyclopentyl]acetate(61) in DMF (80 ml) were added t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (2.11 g)and imidazol (0.95 g), and the resultant mixture was stirred. The crudeproduct obtained by treating in the conventional manner was subjected tosilica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (62).

Yield: 5.41 g (71.2 g)

4-8) Preparation of2-[(1S,2R,3R,5S)-2-(3,3-ethylenedioxy-octyl)-3-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)-5(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)cyclopentyl]ethanol (63)

Methyl2-[(1S,5R,6R,7R)-2-(3,3-ethylenedioxyoctyl)-3-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)-5-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-cyclopentyl]acetate(62) was reduced with lithium aluminium hydride in ether (150 ml). Thecrude product obtained by treating in the conventional manner wassubjected to silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound(63).

Yield: 4.81 g (93.8%)

4-9) Preparation of2-[(1S,5R,6R,7R)-2-(3,3-ethylenedioxy-octyl)-3-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)-5-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)cyclopentyl]acetaldehyde(64)

A solution of2-[(1S,5R,6R,7R)-2-(3,3-ethylenedioxy-octyl)-3-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)-5-(t-butylsiloxy)cyclopentyl]ethanol (63) in dichloromethane (50 ml) was subjected toSwan oxidation using oxalyl chloride (1.78 g), DMSO (2.19 g) andtriethylamine (4.37 g) to give the title compound (12).

Yield: 4.60 g (96.0%)

4-10) Preparation of1-[(1R,2R,4S,5R)-2-tetrahydropyranyloxy-4-t-butylsilyloxy-5-(2(RS)-hydroxy-3,3-difluoro-7-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-4-heptynyl}-cyclopentyl]-3,3-ethylenedioxy-octane(65)

To a solution of2-[(1S,2R,3R,5S)-2-(3,3-ethylenedioxyoctyl)-3-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)-5-(t-butylsiloxy)cyclopentyl]acetaldehyde(64) (1.00 g) in THF (25 ml) was added activated zinc powder (2.54 g),and while cooling on ice, the solution of1-bromo-1,1-difluoro-5-(t-butyl-dimethylsilyloxy)-2-pentyne (i) (0.92 g)in THF (5 ml) was added dropwise the resultant mixture. To the resultantsolution was added mercury chloride (0.11 g) and the resultant mixturewas stirred under ultrasonic irradiation. The reaction mixture wastreated in the conventional manner and the obtained crude product wassubjected to silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound(65).

Yield: 1.40 g (95.9%)

4-11) Preparation of1-{(1R,2R,4S,5R)-2-tetrahydropyranyloxy-4-hydroxy-5-(2(RS),7-dihydroxy-3,3-difluoro-4-heptyl}cyclopentyl]-3,3-ethylenedioxyoctane(67)

A solution of1-[(1R,2R,4S,5R)-2-tetrahydropyranyloxy-4-t-butylsilyloxy-5-{2(RS)-hydroxy-3,3-difluoro-7-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-4-heptynyl}cyclopentyl]-3,3-ethylenedioxy-octane(65) (0.96 g) in THF (15 ml) was cooled on ice and tetrabutyl ammoniumfluoride (1M, 0.57 ml) was added thereto and the resultant mixture wasstirred for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was treated in theconventional manner and the obtained crude product was subjected tosilica gel chromatography to give the triol (66) (0.492 g).

The triol (66) was subjected to catalytic hydrogenation over 5% Pd/C(0.06 g) in ethyl acetate (50 ml). The reaction mixture was treated inthe conventional manner and the obtained crude product was subjected tosilica gel chromatography to give the title compound (67).

Yield: 0.487 g (98.6%)

4-12) Preparation of5,5-difluoro-6-keto-11-pyranyloxy-15,15-ethylenedioxy-13,14-dihydro-PGE.sub.1methyl ester (70)

A solution of1-[(1R,2R,4S,5R)-2-tetrahydropyranyloxy-4-hydroxy-5-{2(RS),7-dihydroxy-3,3-difluoro-4-heptynyl}cyclopentyl]-3,3-ethylenedioxyoctane(67) (0.487 g) in dichloromethane (18 ml) was subjected to Swanoxidation using oxalyl chloride (1.17 g), DMSO (1.51 g) andtriethylamine (3.1 g) to give the diketoaldehyde (68) (0.321 g, Y:67.3%).

The obtained diketoaldehyde (68) (0.212 g) was subjected to Jonesoxidation using Jones reagent (2.67M 153.6μ) at a temperature between-50° C. and -40° C. to give the carboxylic acid (69), which was reactedwith diazomethane in order to obtain methyl ester. The obtained crudeproduct was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to give thetitle compound (70).

Yield: 0.152 g (67.8%)

4-13) Preparation of 5,5-difluoro-13,14-diketo-PGE₁ methyl ester (72)

A solution of5,5-difluoro-6-keto-11-pyranyloxy-13,14-dihydro-15,15-ethylenedioxy-PGE.sub.1methyl ester (70) (0.152 g) in a mixed solvent of acetic acid/THF/water(2/1/1) (6 ml) was kept at 45°-50° for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixturewas treated in conventional manner and the obtained crude product wassubjected to silica gel column chromatography to give the title compound(72).

Yield: 0.101 g (87.0%)

* 13,14-dihydro-6,15-diketo-5,5-difluoro-PGE₁ methyl ester

¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ0.88(t,3H,J=6.6 Hz), 1.10-1.40(m,4H), 1.45-2.20(m,10H),2.20-3.15(m,11H), 3.67(s,3H), 4.00-4.18 (m,1H)

MS(DI/EI) m/z 418(M⁺), 400(M⁺ --H₂ O), 360(M⁺ --HF--H₂ O), 99(C₆ H₁₁CO⁺)

Preparation of StartingMaterial:5-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-1-bromo-1,1-difluoro-3-pentyne (i)

1) Preparation of 5-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3-pentyne (h)

To a solution of 3-butyn-1-ol (g) (10.0 g) in DMF (80 ml) were addedt-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (21.5 g) and imidazol (10.6 g), and theresultant mixture was kept at 35° C. for 7 hours. The reaction mixturewas treated in the conventional manner and the obtained crude productwas distilled to give the title compound (h).

Yield: 17.4 g (66%)

2) Preparation of5-(t-butyl-dimethylsiloxy-1-bromo-1,1-difluoro-3-pentyne) (i)

A solution of 5-(t-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3-pentyne (h) (8.00 g) in THF(100 ml)was cooled to -20° C. and n-butyl lithium (1.6M, 27.1 ml) wasadded dropwise thereto. The resultant mixture was stood at 0° C. and asolution of dibromodifluoromethane in THF (5 ml) was added, and themixture was stirred for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was treated in theconventional manner and the obtained crude product was subjected tosilica gel column chromatography to give the title compound (i).

Yield: 3.67 g (27%)

    ______________________________________                                        Formulation Example 1                                                         (powders for injection)                                                                            (Parts by weight)                                        ______________________________________                                        13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGE.sub.2                                                       1                                                      mannitol               5                                                      distilled water        0.4                                                    ______________________________________                                    

The above ingredients were mixed, stirred, sterilized, filtered andlyophilized to give powders for injection.

    ______________________________________                                        Formulation Example 2                                                         (Injectable solution)                                                                              (Parts by weight)                                        ______________________________________                                        13,14-dihydro-15-keto-6,16-difluoro-PGE.sub.1                                                        0.2                                                    methyl ester                                                                  nonionic surfactant    2                                                      sterilized water for injection                                                                       98                                                     ______________________________________                                    

The above ingredients were mixed and sterilized to give an injectablesolution.

FORMULATION EXAMPLE 3

Into methanol (10 ml) was dissolved13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-20-methyl-PGE₂ (50 mg) and theproduces solution was mixed with mannitol (18.5 g). The mixture waspassed through a sieve (pore size: 30 mm), dried at 30° C. for 90minutes and then sieved again. The produces powders were mixed withmicro-fine silica (Aerosil, 200 g) and the mixture was filed into No.3hard gelatine capsule shells (100). The capsules were enteric capsulescontaining 0.5 mg 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-20-methyl-PGE₂per a capsule.

    ______________________________________                                        Formulation Example 4                                                         (Powders for oral administration)                                                                  (Parts by weight)                                        ______________________________________                                        13,14-dihydro-6,15-diketo-16,16-difluoro-PGE.sub.1                                                   5                                                      methyl ester                                                                  light anhydrous silicic acid                                                                         5                                                      Abicel                 20                                                     lactose                70                                                     ______________________________________                                    

The above ingredients were mixed to give powders for oraladministration.

    ______________________________________                                        Formulation Example 5                                                         (Soft gelatine capsules)                                                                           (Parts by weight)                                        ______________________________________                                        13,14-dihydro-6,15-diketo-5,5-difluoro-PGE.sub.1                                                     1                                                      methyl ester                                                                  light anhydrous silicic acid                                                                         899                                                    Panasate               20                                                     ______________________________________                                    

The above ingredients were mixed and filled in soft gelatine capsules.

In the above formulation examples, the active ingredient can be replacedby any other compound within the compounds used in the invention.

Biological Tests Test Example 1

As the test animals, 10-12/group male Slc-ddY mice (5 weeks old, 27-30g) were used.

For subcutaneous or intravenous administration, test compounds weredissolved in Ringer solution in such amount that the obtained solutioncan be administered at 10 ml/kg body weight.

The mice were divided according to their weight into groups with evenmean weight, each group consisting of 12 animals.

(a) The mice were decaptated by guillotine at 30 minutes after theadministration and cephala were placed in stainless steel vats. Durationof gasping, i.e. panting movement with mouth open and close, expressedafter the decapitation, was measured by stopwatch.

(b) The mice revceived 4 mg/kg KCN intravenously and survival time wasmeasured based on heartbeat as an index.

The results are shown in the following Table.

(a) Duration of Gasping

    ______________________________________                                               Dose     Number of  Duration of Gasping                                       (mg/kg, s.c.)                                                                          Animals    (sec.) Mean ± S.D.                              ______________________________________                                        Control  0          11         22.4 ± 1.2                                  Compound 1                                                                             1.0        12         **24.9 ± 2.2                                         0.3        12         *24.2 ± 1.9                                          0.1        10         22.7 ± 1.7                                  Compound 2                                                                             0.1        11         **25.0 ± 1.7                                         0.03       10         *26.1 ± 2.6                                          0.01       10         23.8 ± 2.5                                           0.003      10         *24.1 ± 1.7                                          0.001      12         22.5 ± 1.8                                  ______________________________________                                         t-test: **P < 0.01 *0.05 < P < 0.01 v.s. Control                              Compound 1: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-16R,S-fluoro-PGE.sub.2                       Compound 2: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGE.sub.2                

In another run, when 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16R,S-fluoro-PGE₂ methylester, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16R,S-fluoro-PGE₂ ethyl ester and13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-fluoro-PGE₂ methyl ester, as the testcompounds, were subcutaneously administered, elongation induration ofgasping was observed at doses of 5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg,respectively.

In a further run, when 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16R,S-fluoro-PGE₂,13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16R,S-fluoro-PGE₂ methyl ester and13,14-dihydro-6,15-diketo-19-methyl-PGE₁ ethyl ester, as the testcompounds, were intravenously administered, elongation in duration ofgasping was observed at doses of 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg,respectively.

(b) Survival Time

    ______________________________________                                                                     Survival Time                                            Dose     Number of   (min.-sec.)                                              (mg/kg, s.c.)                                                                          Animals     Mean ± S.D.                                   ______________________________________                                        Control   0          12            9-32 ± 1-48                             Compound 1                                                                              0.3        10          **16-42 ± 3-36                                      0.1        10          **13-09 ± 2-10                                      0.03       10            8-45 ± 1-16                             ______________________________________                                         t-test: **P < 0.01                                                       

Compound 1: The same as in (a)

The above results indicate that the duration of gasping and the survivaltime were elongated by administration of 15-keto-PG compounds.

Test Example 2

Male Crj-Wistar rats (weight: 250-350 g) were anesthetized byintraperitoneal administration of urethane (1.2 g/kg). Test compounds insolutions were administered at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg through a cannulainserted into the femoral vein. Tissue blood stream (ml/100 g/min.) inhippocampus of brain was measured by the hydrogen clearance method,using a tissue rheometer, at 10 minutes before, directly after, 10minutes after and 20 minutes after (and further 40 minutes after) theadministration. The results are shown in the following Table.

    ______________________________________                                                  Time (min.)                                                                   -10   0       10      20    40                                      ______________________________________                                        Compound 2                                                                    0.1 mg/kg   62.1    67.9    67.9  67.9  62.1                                              (100)   (109)   (109) (109) (100)                                 1.0 mg/kg   41.5    58.2    62.1  62.1  48.4                                              (100)   (140)   (150) (150) (117)                                 Compound 3                                                                    11 mg/kg    58.0    63.5    63.5  62.1                                                    (100)   (109)   (109) (107)                                       DMCD                                                                          10 mg/kg    59.5    62.1    55.8  57.0                                                    (100)   (104)    (94)  (96)                                       ______________________________________                                         (Values in parenthese indicate percentage taking the corresponding values     at 10 minutes before the administration as 100. DMCD                          (dimethylcyclodextrin) was used as reference because the Compound 3 used      in the test was in DMCD adduct form.)                                         Compound 2: The same as in Test Example 1(a)                                  Compound 3: 13,14dihydro-6,15-diketo-19-methyl-PGE.sub.1 ethyl ester DMCD     adduct (1:10)                                                            

The above results indicate that the blood stream in hippocampus wasincreased by administration of Compound 2 and Compound 3. In addition,results obtained by administering 1.0 mg/kg of Compound 2 indicate thatthe effect of the compound was more pronounced in the animal havingreduced blood stream in hippocampus (assumably by anesthesia and loss ofblood on operation).

Test Example 3

Dogs (weight: 8-10 kg) were sacrificed by bleeding under anesthesia withKetamine and the middle cerebral artery was removed. A ring sample ofabout 4 mm prepared from said artery was hung in a Magnus tube,containing a nutrient solution, by means of two L-shaped rods. Thesample was stretched by 1 g of tension and change in tension wasrecorded isometrically on a recorder through a transducer. After restingfor about 90 minutes, the sample was contracted with 3×10⁻⁷ M serotonin(5-HT) and when the contraction reached the peak, test compound wasaccumulately added. Rate of inhibition of the contraction by the testcompounds were expressed in percent taking the contraction 3×10⁻⁷ Mserotonin as 100.

The result are shown in the following Table.

    ______________________________________                                                    Concentration                                                               10.sup.-8 M                                                                             10.sup.-7 M                                                                           10.sup.-6 M                                       ______________________________________                                        Compound 2  11.3%       18.8%                                                 Compound 3  5.1%        13.1%   20.1%                                         DMCD        -0.8%       2.8%    1.5%                                          ______________________________________                                    

DMCD was used as reference because the compound 3 used in the test wasin DMCD adduct form.

The above results indicate that cerebrovascular contraction wasinhibited (i.e. the artery was relaxed) by administration of Compound 2and Compound 3.

Test Example 4

The procedure of Test Example 1(a) was repeated using other compoundsthan Compound 1 and Compound 2.

The results are shown in the following Table.

    ______________________________________                                                 Dose     Duration of Gasping (sec.)                                           (mg/kg, s.c.)                                                                          Mean ± S.D.                                              ______________________________________                                        Control    0          21.6 ± 1.2                                           Compound 4 0.3        **25.8 ± 1.6                                                    0.1        *22.8 ± 1.7                                          Control    0          21.3 ± 1.2                                           Compound 5 0.1        **23.9 ± 1.4                                                    0.03       22.0 ± 1.7                                           Control    0          22.7 ± 1.3                                           Compound 6 0.1        *24.0 ± 1.4                                                     0.03       23.3 ± 3.1                                           Control    0          22.7 ± 1.3                                           Compound 7 0.3        **24.9 ± 1.6                                                    0.1        23.6 ± 2.0                                           Control    0          22.1 ± 1.8                                           Compound 8 1          **24.2 ± 1.4                                                    0.3        23.5 ± 2.1                                           Control    0          22.7 ± 1.3                                           Compound 9 1          **24.8 ± 2.7                                                    0.3        23.6 ± 1.6                                           Control    0          22.6 ± 1.6                                           Compound 10                                                                              3          *24.1 ± 1.8                                                     1          23.6 ± 1.6                                           Control    0          22.0 ± 1.8                                           Compound 11                                                                              1          **26.0 ± 2.4                                                    0.3        22.6 ± 2.0                                           Control    0          22.0 ± 2.0                                           Compound 12                                                                              0.3        **25.1 ±  1.9                                                   0.1        23.5 ± 2.1                                           Control    0          21.0 ± 1.9                                           Compound 13                                                                              0.3        **23.9 ± 1.8                                                    1          22.0 ± 2.3                                           Control    0          21.3 ± 1.4                                           Compound 14                                                                              0.3        **24.5 ± 2.0                                                    0.1        22.0 ± 1.6                                           Control    0          19.4 ± 1.3                                           Compound 15                                                                              0.3        **22.4 ± 2.0                                                    0.1        19.9 ± 1.9                                           Control    0          21.3 ± 1.2                                           Compound 16                                                                              3          *22.5 ± 1.4                                                     1          21.5 ± 1.4                                           Control    0          21.4 ± 1.4                                           Compound 17                                                                              0.1        *23.4 ± 2.1                                                     0.03       22.9 ± 2.5                                           Control    0          22.3 ± 1.7                                           Compound 18                                                                              3          **25.5 ± 2.5                                                    1          23.6 ± 2.1                                           Control    0          20.6 ± 2.1                                           Compound 19                                                                              10         21.9 ± 1.5                                                      3          21.8 ± 0.9                                           Control    0          18.1 ± 1.7                                           Compound 20                                                                              10         **20.5 ± 1.8                                         Control    0          20.6 ± 2.1                                           Compound 21                                                                              10         **22.6 ± 1.4                                         Control    0          22.2 ± 1.5                                           Compound 22                                                                              1          **23.8 ± 2.0                                                    0.3        23.4 ± 2.3                                           Control    0          22.2 ± 1.5                                           Compound 23                                                                              1          **23.8 ± 1.4                                                    0.3        22.5 ± 1.9                                           Control    0          20.2 ± 1.2                                           Compound 24                                                                              0.3        21.0 ± 1.4                                           Control    0          21.4 ± 1.4                                           Compound 25                                                                              1.0        *23.6 ± 2.4                                          Control    0          21.6 ± 2.1                                           Compound 26                                                                              1.0        22.6 ± 2.3                                           Control    0          20.3 ± 1.9                                           Compound 27                                                                              0.3        **24.1 ± 1.9                                         Control    0          22.1 ± 1.8                                           Compound 18                                                                              l          **25.3 ± 2.3                                                    0.3        22.7 ± 1.6                                           Control    0          21.2 ± 1.5                                           Compound 14                                                                              1          **23.9 ± 1.8                                                    0.3        22.0 ± 2.3                                           Control    0          20.6 ± 1.6                                           Compound 19                                                                              3          **22.8 ± 1.6                                                    1          20.9 ± 1.8                                           Control    0          20.2 ± 2.1                                           Compound 21                                                                              3          *21.9 ± 1.8                                                     1          22.0 ± 1.4                                           ______________________________________                                         t-test: **P < 0.01 *0.05 < P < 0.01                                           Compound 4: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGE.sub.2 methyl ester        Compound 5: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-20-methyl-PGE.sub.2           Compound 6: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-20-methyl-PGE.sub. 2          methyl ester                                                                  Compound 7: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-20-ethyl-16,16-difluoro-PGE.sub.2 methyl     ester                                                                         Compound 8: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-20-ethyl-16,16-difluoro-PGE.sub.2            Compound 9: 13,14dihydro-6,15-diketo-5R,S-fluoro-PGE.sub.2 methyl ester       Compound 10: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-17R,S-fluoro-PGE.sub.2 methyl ester         Compound 11: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGE.sub.2 isopropyl este     Compound 12: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-19-desmethyl-PGE.sub.2       methyl ester                                                                  Compound 13: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-19-desmethyl-PGE.sub.2       Compound 14: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGE.sub.1 methyl ester       Compound 15: 13,14dihydro-6,15-diketo-5,5-difluoro-PGE.sub.1 methyl ester     Compound 16:                                                                  13,14dihydro-15-keto-11-dehydroxy-11-methyl-16R,S-fluoro-PGE.sub.2 methyl     ester                                                                         Compound 17: 15keto-16R,S-fluoro-PGE.sub.2                                    Compound 18: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-16R,S-fluoro-PGE.sub.1                      Compound 19: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-20-ethyl-PGD.sub.2 isopropyl                Compound 20: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-16R,S-fluoro-PGF.sub.2α methyl        ester                                                                         Compound 21: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-20-ethyl-PGF.sub.2α isopropyl         ester                                                                         Compound 22:                                                                  13,14dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-6,6a-dehydro-6a-carba-PGI.sub.1           methyl ester                                                                  [13,14dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-9(O)-methano-Δ.sup.6(9α)    GI.sub.1                                                                       methyl ester                                                                  Compound 23: 15keto-16,16-difluoro-6a-carba-PGI.sub.2                         [15ketone-16,16-difluoro-9(O)-methano-PGI.sub.2                               Compound 24: 13,14dihydro-6,15-diketo-16,16-difluoro-PGE.sub.1 methyl         ester                                                                         Compound 25: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGE.sub.1 isopropyl este     Compound 26: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGD.sub.2 methyl ester       Compound 27: 13,14dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGE.sub.1               

The above results indicate that the duration of gasping was elongated byadministration of Compound 4-Compound 27.

Test Example 5 Preparation of encephalo-ischemic animals

Male ddY mice (5 weeks old) were fixed in the dorsal position under thepentobarbital-Na anesthesia. Cervical part was opened along the medianline. Bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed and exfoliatedtaking care not to injure vagus nerves going side by side. A commoncarotid artery was hanged with a stich and both ends of the stich werepassed through a polyethylene tube (inner diameter: 0.5 mm; length: 5mm) and knotted. The other common carotid artery was treated in the samemanner.

Hemostasis was effected by pulling sightly the stich and drawing theartery into the polyethylene tube to narrow the artery. The tube wasfixed by an artery-clamp in order to prevent moving of the tube. Onecommon carotid artery was blocked as above and, after 30 seconds, theother common carotid artery was blocked in the same manner. After 10minutes, the artery-clamps were removed, the knots were cut off and thetubes were removed to restart blood stream.

One-trial passive avoidance-learning experiment

An avoidance-learning machine was composed of an acyl-resin floor (25cm×25 cm) having a metal grid extending over the floor and a woodenplatform (4.5 cm length×4.5 cm breath×3.0 cm height) placed on the grid.After 24 hours from the operation, the animal was placed on the platformand when the animal stepped down the platform, an electric current (0.6mA, 60 Hz) was applied to the grid for 2 seconds starting from the timeimmediately after the stepping-down of the animal, as alearning-acquiring trial. After ten minutes, the animal was treated bythe encephalo-ischemic procedure. After additional 24 hours, the animalwas placed again on the platform and the step-down latency (i.e. timetill the animal steps down the platform) was measured up to 300 secondsas an indicative for the passive avoidance-learning behavioracquisition. Test compounds were administered 10 minutes before theacquiring trial.

Grouping was as follows.

    ______________________________________                                                                       Number                                         Group             Administration                                                                             of Animals                                     ______________________________________                                        1   Normal Control    s.c.         22                                         2   Ischemic Control  s.c.         21                                         3   Compound 2   1 μg/kg                                                                             s.c.       20                                       4   "            10 μg/kg                                                                            s.c.       19                                       5   "           100 μg/kg                                                                            s.c.       20                                       6   Compound 27  1 μg/kg                                                                             s.c.       21                                       7   "            10 μg/kg                                                                            s.c.       20                                       8   "           100 μg/kg                                                                            s.c.       21                                       ______________________________________                                    

The results are shown in the following Table.

    ______________________________________                                                   Step down latency (sec.)                                           Group      Mean ± SE                                                       ______________________________________                                        1          274.0 ± 13.8                                                    2          ++97.0 ± 15.3                                                   3          124.6 ± 23.5                                                    4          137.8 ± 27.0                                                    5          **183.2 ± 25.8                                                  6          130.6 ± 22.7                                                    7          135.1 ± 24.9                                                    8          **177.9 ± 24.8                                                  ______________________________________                                         ++P < 0.01 vs Group 1                                                         **P < 0.01 vs Group 2                                                    

In the following data, NMR spectra were measured in CDCl₃ using HITACHIR-90H and mass spectra were measured by EI method at an ionizationpotential of 70 eV using HITACHI M-80B.

* 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGE₂

¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.93(t,3H,J=7.5 Hz), 1.20-2.70(m,2H), 4.20 (m,1H),5.40(m,2H)

MS (DI--EI) m/z 388(M⁺), 370(M⁺ --H₂ O), 352(M⁺ --2H₂ O)

* 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGE₁ isopropyl ester

¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.93(t,3H,J=7.5 Hz), 1.23(d,J=7.5 Hz),1.20-2.70(m,26H), 3.15(s,1H), 4.18(m,1H), 5.00(ht,1H,J=7.5 Hz)

MS (DI--EI) m/z 432(M⁺), 414(M^(+--H) ₂ O)

* 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGE₂ isopropyl ester

¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.93(t,3H,J=7.5 Hz), 1.23(d,6H,J=7.5 Hz),1.30-2.70(m,22H), 2.78(,1H), 4.20(m,1H), 5.00(ht,1H,J=7.5 Hz)

MS (DI--EI) m/z 430(M⁺), 412(M⁺ --H₂ O)

* 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-19-desmethyl-PGE₂ methyl ester

¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.98(t,3H,J=7.5 Hz), 1.50-2.70(m,20H), 2.94 (s,1H),3.68(s,3H), 4.20(m,1H), 5.40(m,2H)

MS (DI--EI) m/z 388(M⁺), 370(M⁺ --H₂ O), 357(M⁺ --H₂ O--CH₃ O), 355(M⁺--H₂ O--CH₃)

* 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-19-desmethyl-PGE₂

¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.98(t,3H,J=7.5 Hz), 1.40-2.70(m,22H), 4.20 (m,1H),5.40(m,2H)

MS (DI--EI) m/z 374(M⁺), 356(M⁺ --H₂ O), 338(M⁺ --2H₂ O)

* 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-11-dehydroxy-11-methyl-PGE₂methyl ester

¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.93(t,3H,J=7.5 Hz), 1.14(d,3H,J=6 Hz),1.25-2.80(m,22H), 3.63(s,3H), 5.38(m,2H)

MS (DI--EI) m/z 400(M⁺) 369(M⁺ --CH₃ O)

* 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-PGD₂ methyl ester

¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.91(t,3H,J=7.5 Hz), 1.20-3.20(m,23H), 3.68 (s,3H),4.44(m,1H,J=1.2 Hz), 5.49(m,2H)

MS (DI--EI) m/z 402(M⁺), 384(M⁺ --H₂ O), 353(M⁺ --H₂ O---CH₃ O) *13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-20-methyl-PGE₂ methyl ester

¹ NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.90(t,3H,J=7.5 Hz), 1.20-2.70(m,26H), 4.20 (m,1H),5.41(m,2H)

MS (DI--EI) m/z 402(M⁺) 384(M⁺ --H₂ O), 366(M⁺ --2H₂ O)

* 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-20-ethyl-PGE₂ methyl ester

¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.89(t,3H,J=7.5 Hz), 1.20-2.70(m,26H), 2.93 (s,1H),3.68(s,3H), 4.20(m,1H), 5.41(m,2H)

MS (DI--EI) m/z 430(M⁺), 412(M⁺ --H₂ O), 399(M⁺ --CH₃ O), 381(M⁺ --H₂O--CH₃ O)

* 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-16,16-difluoro-20-ethyl-PGE₂

¹ H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.94(t,3H,J=7.5 Hz), 1.20-2.70(m,27H), 4.21 (m,1H),5.43(m,2H)

MS (DI--EI) m/z 416(M⁺), 398(M⁺ --H₂ O), 380(M⁺ --2H₂ O)

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of treatment for improving adeterioration of encephalic function caused by a condition comprising orassociated with ischemic lesion, hemorrhagic lesion, local or propagatedpressure lesion due to edema or hydrocephalia or a disorder of cerebralmetabolism secondarily induced by a disorder of cerebral circulationkinetics which comprises administering, to a subject in need of suchtreatment, a 15-keto-prostaglandin compound of the formulae (I) or (II)##STR11## wherein X and Y are hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, lower alkyl,hydroxy(lower)alkyl, or oxo with a proviso that in formula (I) at leastone of X and Y is other than hydrogen and the five-membered ring mayhave at least one double bond, Z is hydrogen or halo, A is --CH₂ OH,--COCH₂ OH, --COOH or a salt, an ester or an amide of --COOH, B is --CH₂--CH₂ --, --CH═CH-- or --C.tbd.C--, W is oxygen atom or carbon atom, R₁is a bivalent saturated or unsaturated, lower or medium aliphatichydrocarbon residue, which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen,oxo, phenyl, tolyl, xylyl or thienyl, R₂ is saturated or unsaturated,lower or medium aliphatic hydrocarbon residue which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy,cyclo(lower)-alkyl, aryl or aryloxy and wherein in R₂ aryl and aryl ofaryloxy are independently phenyl, tolyl, xylyl or thienyl, in an amounteffective for improvement of encephalic function.
 2. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein said 15-keto-prostaglandin compound is a16-mono- or di-halo-15-keto-prostaglandin compound.
 3. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein said 15-keto-prostaglandin compound is a13,14-dihydro-16-mono- or di-halo-15-keto-prostaglandin compound.
 4. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein said 15-keto-prostaglandin compoundis a 13,14-dihydro-16-mono- or di-fluoro-15-keto-prostaglandin compound.5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said 15-keto-prostaglandincompound is a 6,15-diketo-prostaglandin compound.
 6. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein said 15-keto-prostaglandin compound is a13,14-dihydro-6,15-diketo-prostaglandin compound.
 7. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein said 15-keto-prostaglandin compound is a15-keto-19-alkyl-prostaglandin compound.
 8. The method according toclaim 1, wherein said 15-keto-prostaglandin compound is a13,14-dihydro-15-keto-19-alkyl-prostaglandin compound.
 9. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein said 15-keto-prostaglandin compound is a13,14-dihydro-15-keto-19-methyl-prostaglandin compound.
 10. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein said 15-keto-prostaglandin compound is a13,14-dihydro-6,15-diketo-5-mono or di-halo-prostaglandin compound. 11.The method according to claim 1, wherein said 15-keto-prostaglandincompound is a 15-keto-prostaglandin I compound.
 12. A method oftreatment for improving a deterioration of encephalic function caused bya condition comprising or associated with ischemic lesion, hemorrhagiclesion, local or propagated pressure lesion due to edema orhydrocephalia or a disorder of cerebral metabolism secondarily inducedby a disorder of cerebral circulation kinetics which comprisesadministering, to a subject in need of such treatment, a compound of theformula: ##STR12## wherein Q₁ is halogen, Q₂ is hydrogen or halogen, Eis --CH₂ --CH₂ -- or --CH═CH--, Ra is hydrogen or lower alkyl, Rb issingle bond or lower alkylene, and Rc is lower alkyl which isunsubstituted or substituted with halogen, lower cycloalkyl which isunsubstituted or substituted with lower alkyl, phenyl which isunsubstituted or substituted with halogen or halo(lower)alkyl, orphenoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen orhalo(lower) alkyl or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt in case of Ra ishydrogen, with the proviso that when Rc is phenoxy, Rb is loweralkylene.
 13. The method according to claim 12, in which Q₁ is fluorine.14. The method according to claim 12, in which E is --CH₂ --CH₂ --. 15.The method according to claim 12, in which Rb is single bond and Rc islower alkyl.
 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein said compoundis administered to provide an encephalic metabolism activating action.17. The method according to claim 1, wherein said compound is a compoundof formula (I) and is administered to provide an encephalic functionprotecting action.
 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein thecompound is a compound of formula (I) and is administered to improveencephalic circulation.
 19. The method according to claim 1, wherein thecompound is a compound of formula (I) and is administered to a subjectexperiencing encephalic ischemia.
 20. The method according to claim 12,wherein said compound is administered to provide an encephalicmetabolism activating action.
 21. The method according to claim 12,wherein said compound is administered to provide an encephalic functionprotecting action.
 22. The method according to claim 12, wherein thecompound is administered to improve encephalic circulation.
 23. Themethod according to claim 12, wherein the compound is administered to asubject experiencing encephalic ischemia.
 24. A method of inhibitingcerebrovascular contraction which comprises administering, to a subjectin need of such treatment, a compound of formula (I) ##STR13## wherein Xand Y are hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, lower alkyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, oroxo with the proviso that at least one of X and Y is other than hydrogenand the five-membered ring may have at least one double bond, Z ishydrogen or halo, A is --CH₂ OH, --COCH₂ OH, --COOH or a salt, an esteror an amide of --COOH, B is --CH₂ --CH₂ --, --CH═CH-- or --C.tbd.C--, R₁is bivalent saturated or unsaturated, lower or medium aliphatichydrocarbon residue, which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen,oxo, phenyl, tolyl, xylyl or thienyl, R₂ is saturated or unsaturated,lower or medium aliphatic hydrocarbon residue which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy,cyclo(lower)alkyl, aryl or aryloxy and wherein in R₂ aryl and aryl ofaryloxy are independently phenyl, tolyl, xylyl or thienyl, in an amounteffective for inhibition of cerebrovascular contraction.
 25. A methodfor improving learning and memory which comprises administering to asubject in need of such improvement a compound of formula (I) ##STR14##wherein X and Y are hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, lower alkyl,hydroxy(lower)alkyl, or oxo with the proviso that at least one of X andY is other than hydrogen and the five-membered ring may have at leastone double bond, Z is hydrogen or halo, A is --CH₂ OH, --COCH₂ OH,--COOH or a salt, an ester or an amide of --COOH, B is --CH₂ --CH₂ --,--CH═CH-- or --C.tbd.C--, R₁ is bivalent saturated or unsaturated, loweror medium aliphatic hydrocarbon residue, which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with halogen, oxo, phenyl, tolyl, xylyl or thienyl, R₂ issaturated or unsaturated, lower or medium aliphatic hydrocarbon residuewhich is unsubstituted or substituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, loweralkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy, cyclo(lower)alkyl, aryl or aryloxy andwherein in R₂ aryl and aryl of aryloxy are independently phenyl, tolyl,xylyl or thienyl, in an amount effective for improving said learning andmemory.
 26. The method according to claim 24, wherein the compound ofthe formula (I) is a compound of the formula (III) ##STR15## wherein Q₁is halogen, Q₂ is hydrogen or halogen, E is --CH₂ --CH₂ -- or --CH═CH--,Ra is hydrogen or lower alkyl, Rb is single bond or lower alkylene, andRc is lower alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen,lower cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with lower alkyl,phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen orhalo(lower)alkyl, or phenoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted withhalogen or halo(lower) alkyl or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt incase of Ra is hydrogen.
 27. The method of claim 25, wherein the compoundof the formula (I) is a compound of the formula (III) ##STR16## whereinQ₁ is halogen, Q₂ is hydrogen or halogen, E is --CH₂ --CH₂ -- or--CH═CH--, Ra is hydrogen or lower alkyl, Rb is single bond or loweralkylene, and Rc is lower alkyl which is unsubstituted or substitutedwith halogen, lower cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substitutedwith lower alkyl, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted withhalogen or halo(lower) alkyl, or phenoxy which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with halogen or halo(lower) alkyl or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt in case of Ra is hydrogen.
 28. A method of treatment forimproving a deterioration of encephalic function caused by ischemiawhich comprises administering to a subject in need of such treatment, a15-keto-prostaglandin compound of the formulae (I) or (II) ##STR17##wherein X and Y are hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, lower alkyl,hydroxy(lower)alkyl, or oxo with a proviso that in formula (I) at leastone of X and Y is other than hydrogen and the five-membered ring mayhave at least one double bond, Z is hydrogen or halo, A is --CH₂ OH,--COCH₂ OH, --COOH or a salt, an ester or an amide of --COOH, B is --CH₂--CH₂ --, --CH═CH-- or --C.tbd.C--, W is oxygen atom or carbon atom, R₁is a bivalent saturated or unsaturated, lower or medium aliphatichydrocarbon residue, which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen,oxo, phenyl, tolyl, xylyl or thienyl, R₂ is saturated or unsaturated,lower or medium aliphatic hydrocarbon residue which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy,cyclo(lower)-alkyl, aryl or aryloxy and wherein in R₂ aryl and aryl ofaryloxy are independently phenyl, tolyl, xylyl or thienyl, in an amounteffective for improvement of encephalic function.
 29. A method oftreatment for improving a deterioration of encephalic function caused byhypoxia which comprises administering to a subject in need of suchtreatment, a 15-keto-prostaglandin compound of the formulae (I) or (II)##STR18## wherein X and Y are hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, lower alkyl,hydroxy(lower)alkyl, or oxo with a proviso that in formula (I) at leastone of X and Y is other than hydrogen and the five-membered ring mayhave at least one double bond, Z is hydrogen or halo, A is --CH₂ OH,--COCH₂ OH, --COOH or a salt, an ester or an amide of --COOH, B is --CH₂--CH₂ --, --CH═CH-- or --C.tbd.C--, W is oxygen atom or carbon atom, R₁is a bivalent saturated or unsaturated, lower or medium aliphatichydrocarbon residue, which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen,oxo, phenyl, tolyl, xylyl or thienyl, R₂ is saturated or unsaturated,lower or medium aliphatic hydrocarbon residue which is unsubstituted orsubstituted with halo, hydroxy, oxo, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy,cyclo(lower)-alkyl, aryl or aryloxy and wherein in R₂ aryl and aryl ofaryloxy are independently phenyl, tolyl, xylyl or thienyl, in an amounteffective for improvement of encephalic function.
 30. A method oftreatment for improving a deterioration of encephalic function caused byhypoxia which comprises administering to a subject in need of suchtreatment, a compound of the formula (III) ##STR19## wherein Q₁ ishalogen, Q₂ is hydrogen or halogen, E is --CH₂ --CH₂ -- or --CH═CH--, Rais hydrogen or lower alkyl, Rb is single bond or lower alkylene, and Rcis lower alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, lowercycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with lower alkyl,phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen orhalo(lower)alkyl, or phenoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted withhalogen or halo(lower)alkyl or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt incase of Ra is hydrogen, with the proviso that when Rc is phenoxy, Rb islower alkylene, in an amount effective for improvement of encephalicfunction.